Primary Care Diabetes
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 157-164 , August 2009

Managing type 2 diabetes in Soweto—The South African Chronic Disease Outreach Program experience

  • Ivor Katz

      Affiliations

    • Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease, University of the Witwatersrand, Old Potch Road, Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +27 835446364; fax: +27 119331514.
    • ,
  • Helen Schneider

      Affiliations

    • School of Public Health and Center for Health Policy, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
    • ,
  • Zodwa Shezi

      Affiliations

    • Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease, University of the Witwatersrand, Old Potch Road, Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa
    • ,
  • Golebemang Mdleleni

      Affiliations

    • Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease, University of the Witwatersrand, Old Potch Road, Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa
    • ,
  • Trevor Gerntholtz

      Affiliations

    • Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease, University of the Witwatersrand, Old Potch Road, Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa
    • ,
  • Omar Butler

      Affiliations

    • Dumisani Mzamane African Institute of Kidney Disease, University of the Witwatersrand, Old Potch Road, Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa
    • ,
  • Lenore Manderson

      Affiliations

    • Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
    • School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
    • ,
  • Sarala Naicker

      Affiliations

    • Division of Nephrology, Johannesburg Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Received 26 June 2008 ,Revised 18 June 2009 ,Accepted 26 June 2009.

References 

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  2. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1047–1053
  3. Beran D, Yudkin JS. Diabetes care in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet. 2006;368:1689–1695
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  7. Sliwa K, Wilkinson D, Hansen C, et al. Spectrum of heart disease and risk factors in a black urban population in South Africa (the Heart of Soweto Study): a cohort study. The Lancet. 2008;37(9616):915–922
  8. Levitt NS, Steyn K, Lambert EV, et al. Modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a peri-urban community in South Africa. Diabetes Medicine. 1999;16(11):946–950
  9. E.S. Mohammed, Gauteng Health Department, Gauteng Health Department Report on Hypertension and Diabetes control at Soweto Clinics, June 2000.
  10. Gill GV, Huddle K, Rolfe M. Mortality and outcome of insulin dependent diabetes in Soweto, South Africa. Diabetes Medicine. 1995;12:546–550
  11. Kalk WJ, Joannou J, Ntsepo S, et al. Ethnic differences in the clinical and laboratory associations with retinopathy in adult onset diabetes: studies in patients of African, European and Indian origins. Journal of Internal Medicine. 1997;241:31–37
  12. Keeton GR, Smit RZ, Bryer A. Renal outcome of type 2 diabetes in South Africa—a 12-year follow-up study. South African Medical Journal. 2004;94(9):771–775
  13. White HD, Dalby A. Heart disease in Soweto: facing a triple threat. The Lancet. 2008;371(9616):876–877
  14. Gask L. Waking up to chronic care. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 2004;13(4):246
  15. Wagner EH, Austin BT, Davis C, Hindmarsh M, Schaefer J, Bonomi A. Improving chronic illness care: translating evidence into action. Health Affairs. 2001;20(6):64–78
  16. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16:31–41
  17. Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, Beck GL. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine [Abstract]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2000;11:155A
  18. American Diabetes A . Standards of medical care in diabetes—2007. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(Suppl. 1):S4–41
  19. Saydah SH, Fradkin J, Cowie CC. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA. 2004;291(3):335–342
  20. Epping-Jordan J. The challenge of chronic conditions: WHO responds. BMJ. 2001;323:947–948
  21. Rothman AA, Wagner EH. Chronic illness management: what is the role of primary care?. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2003;138(3):256–261
  22. Yawn BP. Who should care for people with chronic diseases?. West Journal of Medicine. 2000;172:77–78

☆ Unconditional Grants to run the outreach program have been received from Servier Laboratories South Africa and Anglo American Fund. The Gauteng Health Department has supported the program with two full time primary health care nurses.

PII: S1751-9918(09)00066-7

doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2009.06.007

Primary Care Diabetes
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 157-164 , August 2009

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