Primary Care Diabetes
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 189-191 , August 2009

GADA testing: The current state of knowledge

  • H. Davies

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation [CHIRAL], The School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 01792 513685; fax: +44 01792 513400.
    • ,
  • S. Brophy

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation [CHIRAL], The School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • S.C. Bain

      Affiliations

    • Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • J.W. Stephens

      Affiliations

    • Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • J. Lewis

      Affiliations

    • Immunology Department, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg NHS University Trust, Sketty Lane, Swansea SA2 8QA, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • S. Luzio

      Affiliations

    • Diabetes Research Unit, Academic Centre, Llandough Hospital, Penarth CF64 2XX, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • G. Dunseath

      Affiliations

    • Diabetes Research Unit, Academic Centre, Llandough Hospital, Penarth CF64 2XX, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • C. Beaverstock

      Affiliations

    • Diabetes Unit, Neath Port Talbot Hospital, Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg NHS University Trust, Baglan Way, Port Talbot SA12 7BX, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • D.R.R. Williams

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation [CHIRAL], The School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom

Received 12 June 2009 ,Revised 21 July 2009 ,Accepted 22 July 2009.

References 

  1. Brophy S, Yderstraede K, Mauricio D, Hunter S, Hawa M, Pozzilli P, et al. Time to insulin initiation cannot be used in defining latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(3):439–441
  2. Gale EA. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a guide for the perplexed. Diabetologia. 2005;48(11):2195–2199
  3. Buzzetti R, Di Pietro S, Giaccari A, Petrone A, Locatelli M, Suraci C, et al. High titer of autoantibodies to GAD identifies a specific phenotype of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(4):932–938
  4. Lindholm E, Hallengren B, Agardh CD. Gender differences in GAD antibody-positive diabetes mellitus in relation to age at onset, C-peptide and other endocrine autoimmune diseases. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2004;20(2):158–164
  5. Turner R, Stratton I, Horton V, Manley S, Zimmet P, Mackay IR, et al. UKPDS 25: autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet. 1997;350(9087):1288–1293
  6. Kasuga A, Maruyama T, Nakamoto S, Ozawa Y, Suzuki Y, Saruta T. High-titer autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase plus autoantibodies against insulin and IA-2 predicts insulin requirement in adult diabetic patients. J. Autoimmun. 1999;12(2):131–135
  7. Torn C, Mueller PW, Schlosser M, Bonifacio E, Bingley PJ. Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2. Diabetologia. 2008;51(5):846–852
  8. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Autoantibody ELISA Kit from RSR—Instructions for Use, 2007, www.rsrltd.com (cited).
  9. van Deutekom AW, Heine RJ, Simsek S. The islet autoantibody titres: their clinical relevance in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and the classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med. 2008;25(2):117–125
  10. Brophy S, Brunt H, Davies H, Mannan S, Williams R. Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2007;(3):CD006165
  11. Hamaguchi K, Kimura A, Kusuda Y, Yamashita T, Yasunami M, Takahasi M, et al. Clinical and genetic characteristics of GAD-antibody positive patients initially diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2004;66(2):163–171
  12. Takeda H, Kawasaki E, Shimizu I, Konoue E, Fujiyama M, Murao S, et al. autoimmune, and genetic characteristics of adult-onset diabetic patients with GAD autoantibodies in Japan (Ehime Study). Diabetes Care. 2002;25(6):995–1001
  13. Davies H, Mannan S, Brophy S, Williams R. Routine glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) testing: patients’ perspective. Fam. Pract. 2008;25(3):176–180
  14. Davies H, Brophy S, Bain SC, Stephens JW, Lewis J, Beaverstock C, et al. Routine glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody testing: health professionals’ perspective in Abstracts of Diabetes UK Professional Conference. Diabet. Med. 2009;26(Suppl. 1):193
  15. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) Autoantibody ELISA Kit from RSR—Instructions for Use, 2007, www.rsrltd.com (cited March 2009).
  16. Davies H, Brophy S, Fielding A, Bingley P, Chandler M, Hilldrup I, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in South Wales: incidence and characterization. Diabet. Med. 2008;25(11):1354–1357
  17. Diabetes Atlas, third edition, International Diabetes Federation, 2008, www.eatlas.idf.org.

PII: S1751-9918(09)00079-5

doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2009.07.002

Primary Care Diabetes
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 189-191 , August 2009

Article Tools