Abstract
Aim
To investigate if micro- and macrovascular co-morbidity has an influence on the time
to insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods
Longitudinal data from general practices in Germany, France and UK (Disease Analyzer)
from 1995 to 2009 were analyzed, including 44,440 patients in Germany, 10,148 patients
in France, and 25,499 patients in UK with newly diagnosed diabetes (index date). Cox
regression was used to investigate the association of newly diagnosed micro- and macrovascular
complications (ICD-10) on the time to insulin initiation adjusting for age, sex, antidiabetic
therapy, and co-morbidity (hypertension, lipid disorders).
Results
Insulin treatment was started in 9747 (22%) patients in Germany within 10 years after
index date (France: n = 702, 7%; UK: 3936, 14%). In all three countries, occurrence of microvascular complications
was significantly associated with a higher likelihood to have insulin initiated (hazard
ratio (HR), 95%CI: neuropathy: Germany 1.6; 1.5–1.8; France: 2.1; 1.1–3.9; UK: 1.5;
1.3–1.9; nephropathy: Germany 1.4; 1.3–1.6; France: 2.7; 1.4–3.8; UK: 1.2; 1.1–1.3).
Among macrovascular complications, only coronary heart disease was related to insulin
initiation in all three countries (Germany 1.2; 1.1–1.3; France: 1.5; 1.2–2.0; UK:
1.5; 1.3–1.7).
Conclusions
A more rapid progression to insulin therapy was found in patients with microvascular
complications.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 14, 2013
Accepted:
February 12,
2013
Received in revised form:
February 7,
2013
Received:
July 22,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
